Operating apparatus for internal combustion engines



v. E. PLAN-rE 2,070,615

OPERATING APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Feb. 16, 1937.

Filed April 5, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet l Inventor v. E. PLANTE 2,070,615

OPERATING APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Feb. 16, 1937.

Filed April 5, 1954 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I l 'V'czzarZP/einzgn or v. E.PLANTE 2,070,615

OPERATING APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Febf 16, 1937.

Filed April 5, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Home y Patented Feb. 16, 1937UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OPERATING APPARATUS FOR. INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINES Victor E. Plante, Milwaukee, Wis.

Application April 5, 1934, Serial No. 719,221

26 Claims.

This invention relates to an internal combustion engine including meansfor starting the engine and. aiding the functioning of the lubricatingsystem thereof under conditions which would.

larly under such adverse starting conditions as those which obtain atlow temperatures, by utilizing the heat generated by the combustion inan auxiliary internal combustion engine to preheat the cooling medium inthe main engine and in any other parts desired, such as the carburetorfuel pump, etc.

Another important object of my invention is to provide means to preheatand circulate the lubricating oil under greater than normal pressure tothe various bearings, thereby assuring thorough lubri.cation,`prior to,during, and after starting the main engine, as Well as promoting easystarting.

Another important object of `this invention is to provide simple andefficient means for charging the storage battery of the main internalcombustion engine at any time or place Without resorting to any outsidesource of supply of electrical energy.

Another important object of the invention is to provide means forsupplying additional energy other than that from the storage battery forstarting purposes, by operating the auxiliary internal combustion engineto drive the electric generator of the main engine as a motor-generatorset to assist the said storage battery in supplying electric energy .tothe electric starter motor and ignition coils during the startingperiod.

Another important object of the invention is to provide means forsupplying a higher voltage, for ignition purposes, than is obtainablefrom the storage battery during the starting period, by insertingresistance means in the circuit between the generator and the junctionof the battery and starter motor circuit, and by connecting the primaryof -the main engine ignition coil between the aforesaid resistor andelectric generator.

Another important object of the invention is to provide meansfor drivingthe oil pump, by means of the electric starter, to supply oilv to themain engine bearings, etc., prior to starting the main engine,4 ,When itis not desired tooperate the auxiliaryengine to circulatezthe oil priorto starting the main engine, the oil pump may be operated, without thefunctioning of the auxiliary engine, merely by operating the electricstarter in the reverse direction `iust long enough to establish oilpressure, prior to operating the electric starter in the normal orforward direction to start the main engine. This feature is verydesirable in Warm weather and particularly when the main engine has beenstanding overnight after having been operated at fairly hightemperature, in which case the bearings are quite dry, because the oilwhich was thinned at high temperature lo has drained from the bearings.While, under such conditions, the starting conditions are not severeenough to require operation of the auxiliary engine, it will greatlyprolong the life of the bearings if the oil pressure in the bearings isestablished by merely spinning the oil pump, by

operating the electric starter in the reverse direction, for a moment,prior to starting the engine.

A still further important object of my invention is to provide means topreheat the storage battery,

by operating the electric generator by means of the auxiliary engine,prior to starting the main engine. Aside from the chemical energy whichwill be stored in the battery, during operation of the generator, someof the generated electrical energy, in overcoming the electricalresistance of the battery, will be transformed into heat energy whichwill raise the temperature of the battery. While it is not generallyknown, it is a proven fact that with a given resistance load, as forexample, the starter windings, the output of a battery, during coldWeather, will be greatly increased if preheated. Hence, it follows thatthe preheated battery Will supply the electric starter and ignitioncoils with an appreciably greater amount of electrical energy.

In addition to facilitating starting of the main engine the auxiliaryengine may be used to circulate the medium used in car heaters forheating the interior of the vehicle particularly when the main engine isnot in operation. While such a car heater for the interior of thevehicle is not shown, it may be of any type and may be connected to anydesired point in the system Whether it beof the cooling-Water or hot-airtype.

Further, the auxiliary engine may be operated to drive the water pump,oil pump, and generator at a higher speed than that corresponding to themain engine speed to increase the circulation of the cooling medium, thepressure of the oil and hence the `supply to the bearings, and theamount of current to provide sufiicient circulation of cooling medium,oil Supply, and electric current.

The accompanying gures together With the description of the constructionand operation of the apparatus embodying my invention are to beunderstood to be illustrative only and for the purpose of making clearthe nature` and manner of employing the invention, and that theinvention is` not to be regarded as limited to the precise mechanismillustrated nor to any detail thereof. Voltage'and current regulators ofany kind may be employed depending upon the electrical apparatus usedand the operating characteristics desired.

The exhaust gas may be utilized to heat any part of the main engine andany method, other than employing an exhaust gas chamber surrounding theauxiliary engine water jacket, may be used to transfer the h eat of theexhaust gas to the cooling medium of the main engine.

In the drawingsz- Figure 1 is a side elevational view showing anembodiment of the invention in an automobile internal combustion engine.

Figure) is a vertical longitudinal sectional view through-'the auxiliaryinternal combustion engine.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view taken through the oilheater or cooler.

Figure 4 is a transverse vertical sectional view takin through Figure 3approximately on the line 4 Figure 5 is a transverse vertical sectionalview taken through Figure 1 approximately on the line 5-5.

Figure 6 is a vertical transverse sectionalview taken approximately onthe line 6-6 of Figure y1 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 7 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view taken approximatelyon the line 1-1 of Figure 1.

Figure 8 is `a longitudinal vertical sectional view through thethermostatic valve. Y.

Figure 9 is a diagrammatic view of the starter switch and the main partsof the electrical circuits, illustrating the .operation of the starterswitch and showing it positioned to start the auxiliary engine, providedthat the engine switch 42 is positioned to close the contacts 4I, theresistor 46 being shorted by the starter switch member 50 in thisposition.

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic view of the starter switch and itselectrical circuits illustrating the position of the starter switch forstarting the main engine, the fleld of the starter beingreversed withrespect to Figure 9.

Figure 11 is aI diagrammatic view of the starter switch and its circuitsshowing the starter switch in neutral position, in which either of theengines or both may be operating or not operating.

Referring in' detail to the drawings, the numeral I refers generally toa conventional starter motor wound so as to be capable of being operated-in reverse. and forward directions. In the forward or normal directionthe starter drive engages the flywheel of themain engine tostart thesame, and in the reverse direction the starter motor acts to start theauxiliary engine through the cooperation of the over-runningmclutch 2connected to the auxiliary ,engine shaft 2a. This overrunning clutchengages only when the starter motor is operated in the reversedirection. The

` numeral 3 refers to the crank case of the auxil- Alary engine, and thenumeral 4 refers to another oppositely placed over-running clutch whichconnects the opposite end of the auxiliary engine shaft 2a to the waterpump shaft 4a, the water pump being designated by the numeral 5. The

members which will permit similar action, where-1y by the generator,cooling medium pump, or oil pump, ormore than one of these elements, canvbe driven faster than at corresponding main engine speed or whilethemain engine is not running.

The numeral 6 refers generally to the intake pipe of the cooling mediumpump which is jacketed by a casing I0 to form an annular chamber heatedby the cooling medium` or cooled by the cooling medium in the pipe 6 forheating or cooling the oil which is l'ed thereinto by the pipe I2 fromthe main engine crank case I2a, and dischargedby means of the pipe 9which is connected to the intake of the oil pump 1. The oil pump outletpipe 8 carries the oil to lubricate the main engine and auxiliary engineif desired. The oil pump shaft 1a is directly coupled to the shaft ofthe generator I3. It will`be observed that in the oil cooling or heatingchamber II which is dened by the jacket Ill and the pipe 6, the oil maybe cooled when too hot, and warmed when the engine is cold to facilitatestarting.

vThe numeral I4 refers to an over-running pulley which is mounted on thegenerator shaft and connected to the fan assembly I6a by the belt I4atrained over the pulley I4 and the fan assembly pulley I5a, whereby thegenerator, the oil pump, and the cooling medium pump, are

` normally driven by the main engine as it is operating under normalcircumstances. Of course, where the generator drive is through gears orthrough a belt other than that which drives' the fan, a suitableoverrunning arrangement of the connection to the generator may beprovided for, without invention. The overrunning pulley I4 engages theshaft vof the generator only when the generator is being driven by themain engine.

'Ihe numeral I6 designates a by-pass pipe between the radiator outletI1a and the radiator inlet pipe I8a, the outlet pipe I1a being directlyconnected to the cooling medium pump intake 6, andl the radiator inletpipe I8a. being directly connected to the by-pass thexmostaticallyoperated valve I9 at the top of the radiator I1. The numeral IllIldesignates generally the cooling medium jacket and head of the mainengine.

Referring in particular to Figure 2, the numeral 2| generally designatesthe combustion chamber of the auxiliary engine, the numeral 22 thecylinder Wall, the numeral 23 the cooling mediun chamber which connectswith the cooling medium pump through the pipe 34, and the numeral 24designates the outer wall of the cool- ?ing chamber which serves as theinner wall of the exhaust gas heating chamber. The exhaust gas heatingchamber is generally designated 25 and has the outer wall 26. Thepassage 21 connects the exhaust port 28 to the exhaust 'gas chamber 25.

The numeral 29 designates a valve which is arcuate in form and rotatableand is capable of being positioned to permit the exhaust gas from theexhaust port 28 to flow directly to the exhaust pipe 30 or` insteadthrough the passage 21 to the exhaust gas chamber 25 and thence to theexhaust pipe 3l. The exhaust pipe 30 connects directly with the exhaustport 28 when the valve 29 is in sucha position that it closes thepassage clutch 4 engages only when the auxiliary engine'i 21. Theexhaust pipe A3l connects both the exis running faster than the shaft 9S11h? WMS! haust pipe 30 and the exhaust gas chamber 25 to the mainengineexhaust manifold or to any other desired point.

The numeral 32 generally designates the spark plug of the auxiliaryengine.

The pipe 33 connects the auxiliary engine cooling chamber with thecooling chamber or cooling medium water jacket of the main engine,directly or indirectly, depending upon whether or not the cooling mediumis to be employed for warming or cooling elements additional to thoseshown, such as fuel pumps, carburetor, or a heater for the interior ofthe automobile, and the like. The pipe 34 connects the cooling mediumpump 5 to the auxiliary engine cooling chamber 23. While an auxiliaryengine of the two-stroke-cycle type is shown, I desire to include withinthe scope of the invention an auxiliary internal combustion engine ofany type and construction.

Referring to Figures 9 through 11, thestorage battery is designated 35,the numeral 36 designates the armature winding of the starter motor, andthe numeral 31 the series wound eld of the starter motor. The numeral 38designates the ignition coil of the auxiliary engine, the numeral 39 thecontact breaker of the auxiliary engine primary ignition circuit, thenumeral 40 the contact points ofthe auxiliary engine primary circuit,the numerali4| the contact points of the ignition switch of theauxiliary engine, and the numeral 42 the movable element of theauxiliary engine ignition switch.

The numeral 43 designates a contact mounted on but insulated from theauxiliary engine ignition switch, the numeral 44 a contact connected tothe electrical conductor 49, they numeral 45 a contatrconnected to theconductor 51, and the numeral 46 a resistor connecting the startingswitch contacts 41 and 48. The numeral 41 designates the contact on thestationary contact on the starter switch, the numeral 48 anotherstationary contact on the starter switch, and the numeral 49 theconductor which short circuits the resistor 46 when the auxiliary engineignition switch 42 is open, thereby causing contact 43 to short circuitcontacts 44 and 45.

The numeral 50 generally designates the movable contactmember of thestarter switch, the numeral 5| the insulator between the contact 50 andthev contacts 54 and 55. 'Ihe numeral 52 designates a stationary contactto which one end of the field winding of the starter motor is',connected, and the numeral 53 another stationary contact similar tothe stationary contact 52, the former being connected to the oppositeend of the field winding of the starter motor. The numeral 54 designatesa contact which short connects the contacts 53 .and 56 when the starterswitch is in the position shown in Figure 10, for starting the mainengine.-

Thenumeral 55 designates a contact which is adapted to connect thecontacts 52 and 56 when the starter switch is in the position shown inFigure 9 for starting the auxiliary engine. The numeral 56 designates acontact which is connected to one of the brushes of the starter motor,the remaining brush, which is of opposite polarity being grounded asshown. The numeral 51 is a conductor connecting the breaker point of theelement 6| with the contact 41.

The numeral 58 generally designates the main engine ignition switch, thenumeral 59-the'main engine ignition coil, and the numeral 60 the rnainengine distributor.

The numeral 6| generally designates the generator cut-out of the mainengine, the numeral resistor 46.

ignition coil during the starting, if the auxiliary engine ignitionswitch 42 is in the positionshown in Figure 9. It will be readily seenthat with the auxiliary engine ignition switch open as shown in Figure 9the insulated contact 43 short circuits the contacts 44 and 45, therebyshort circuiting the 'I'his permits the battery terminal voltage to beimpressed across the primary 4f the main engine ignition coil during thestarting. However, if the auxiliary engine is operating whil\ the mainengine is being started it will be seen` that the switch 42 is in such aposition that contacts 4| are closed and the contacts 44 and 45 areiopen, thereby inserting the resistor 46 in the electrical circuit.'I'his resistor, while permitting the generator to supply some currentto the starter motor thereby assisting the storage battery, will permita higher voltage to be available for the primary of the main engineignition coil than would be available ordinarily from the battery. Thisfacilitates starting, particularly in cold weather. The resistor 46,however, may be omitted where the generator or the regulator or both areproperly designed to warrant its. omission.

It will be obvious from the foregoing that the auxiliary engine may beoperated while the main engine is running, to pump a greater amount ofcooling medium through the cooling system, a-

greater amount of oil or of oil under greater pressure, and that thisarrangement may also be utilized for causing the generator I3 to turn ata higher rate than it is ordinarily turned by the fan belt or gearconnection with the main engine, for charging the battery of theautomobile at a greater rate than would ordinarily be the case at thespeed at which the main engine is running. When the main engine is coldand it is desired to start the same, the cooling medium will be heatedby the auxiliary engine being put into operation before d starting themain engine, and this cooling medium which is being heated by theauxiliary engine will be circulated by the cooling medium pump 5 throughthe cooling system of the main engine and any other parts to be heatedby said cooling medium, and at the same time the oil may be pumped fromthe crankcase of the main engine through the oil heating chamber andunder a greater than normal pressure to insure its circulation in themain engine before, during and after starting of said main` engine, andsimilarly the generator may be operated to assist the battery to supplya greater than ordinary amount of current to the starter motor, therebyassisting the turning over of a stiif engine, and to furnish a greaterthan ordinary amount of current for ignition purposes for the startingof the main engine. As soon as the main engine starts, which is effectedby the usual adjustments of the throttle spark and choke, by operatingthe starter motor in the normal direction, the starter switch isreleased, thus allowing the starter motor drive to disconnect from themain engine. Once the main engine has started and has begun to run at agreater relative speed than the auxiliary engine, the over-runningpulleyV I4 will connect the elements with which it is operativelyassociated and this condition willremain until the auxiliary engine beoperated at such a speed as to be turning over relatively faster thanthe main engine, in which case the over-running pulley I4 will overrunand the over-running clutch 4 will come into action to pump the coolingmedium and the' oil at the desired rate, as well as drive the generatorat an increased rate. By reason of these arrangements, driving theautomobile on which the main engine is mounted at low speed may befacilitated by a relatively greater circulation of the cooling mediumand of the lubricating medium, and this maybe supplemented by arelatively greater current supply to meet the greater demands of lowspeed driving.

may be operated toY automatically close the pipe 30 while the coolingmedium is cold and close the passage 21 to the exhaust gas heatingchamber 25 when the cooling medium is hot. The valve 29 may be operatedautomatically by connecting it operatively by means of the rod 29', tothe arm 20 of the thermostatic valve 20, or to a pressure valve, (notshown) connected at some point in the pipe I6, the said pressure valvebeing actuated by the pressure within the pipe I6.

vAlthough I have shown and described herein a preferred embodiment of myinvention, it is to be definitely understood that I do not desiretolimit the application of the invention thereto, and any change orchanges may be made in material and structure and arrangement of parts,within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the subjoinedclaims;

What is claimed is:- A

l. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a startermotor, of an auxiliary" internal combustion engine, said starter motor,and said auxiliary engine, being operatively con-- nected for operationin one direction and disconthe main engine,

nected for operation in the opposite direction,

said auxiliary engine being arranged to be operated in onerdirectiononly.

2. Inl combination, a main internal combustion engine having a groupconsisting of a starter, a cooling medium pump, an oil pump, and agener'ator, all connected together 1to operate in one direction, meansconnected with the main engine and with one of said grourfor normallyoperating some of them from the main engine; an auxiliary internalcombustion engine coupled in over-running rnanner to at least one ofsaid group and arranged topbe operated so as to operate one or more ofsaid group at a greater than main engine speed whilesaid main engine isrunning, and at ,certain speeds while-the main engine is idle.

3. Starting apparatus for an internal combustion engine, said engineincluding a cooling system, a cooling medium pump, an oil pump, anelectric generator, all operatively connected, .and an electric starteroperatively connected to said engine, said apparatus includingm'eansoperatively connecting said starter to said cooling medium pump, oilpump, and generator, saidapparatus further including an auxiliaryinternal combustion engi-ne operatively connected to said cooling mediumpump, oil pump, and generator and operatively engageable by saidstarter, said auxiliary engine being operable independently of said mainengine to drive said cooling medium pump to circulate the coolingmedium, said oil pump to circulate the oil, and said generator to supplyelectric current to facilitate starting of and subsequent operation ofsaid main engine.

4. Starting apparatus for an internal combustion engine, said engineincluding a cooling system, a cooling medium pump, an oil pump, anelectric generator, all operatively connected, and an electric starteroperatively connected to said engine, said apparatus including meansoperatively connecting said starter to said cooling medium pump, oilpump,` and generator, said apparatus further including an auxiliaryinternal combustion engine operatively connected to said cooling mediumpump, oil pump, and generator and operatively engageable by saidstarter, said auxiliary engine being operable independently of said mainengine to drive said cooling medium pump to circulate the coolingmedium, said oil pump to circulate the oil, and said generator to supplyelectric current to facilitate starting of and subsequent operation ofsaid main engine, said auxiliary engine including a cooling system incommunication with the cooling system of said main engine and with saidwater pump whereby cooling medium preheated in said auxiliary engine iscirculated in said main engine to warm the same.

5. Starting apparatus for an internal combustion engine, said engineincluding a cooling system, a cooling medium pump, an oil pump, anelectric generator, all operatively connected, and an electric starteroperatively connected to said engine, said apparatus including meansoperatively connecting said starter to said cooling medium pump, oilpump, and generator, said apparatus further including an auxiliaryinternal combustion engine operatively connected to said cooling mediumpump, oil pump, and generator and operatively engageable by saidstarter, said auxiliary engine being operable independently of said mainengine to drive said cooling medium pump to circulate the coolingmedium, said oil pump to circulate the oil, and said generator to supplyelectric current to facilitate starting of and subsequent operation ofsaid main engine, said auxiliary engine including a cooling system incommunication with the cooling system of said main engine and with saidcooling medium pump whereby cooling medium preheated in said auxiliaryengine is circulated in said main engine to warm the same, the coolingsystem of the main engine having means connecting the same to saidcooling medium pump and containing an extension from said oil pumpwhereby the oil is preheated as the same is circulated by said oil pump.

6. Starting apparatus for an internal combustion engine, said apparatuscomprising independent means for turning over said engine, said meansincluding cooling medium and oil preheating means, and electric meansfor increasing the available electric supply of said engine for startingpurposes.

7. Internal combustion engine assisting apparatus for an internalcombustion engine including a water pump, an oil pump, and a generator,said apparatus comprising auxiliary motor means operatively connected tosaid water pump, oil pump and generator for simultaneously andcontrollably increasing the rate of circulation ofthe coolin'g mediumand of the lubricating oil therein and increasing the supply of electriccurrent to the engine.

8. In combination, a main internal combustion engine, an auxiliaryinternal combustion engine, a reversible electric starter, overrunningcoupling means operatively connecting said engines, said coupling andsaid starter being arranged to be operated in its normal direction forcranking said main engine and in the reverse direction for cranking saidauxiliary engine.

9. The combination with a main internal combustion engine having astarter motor, of an auxgine, said engines being arranged to be operatedindependently or simultaneously, said starter motor being arranged to beoperated in its normal direction to start said main engine and in itsreverse direction to start said auxiliary engine, said starter motorbeing arranged Ito start either engine while the other engine is runningor not running, overrunning coupling means for operation of saidgenerator from said main engine independently of said auxiliary engineto supply electric energy to the electric system, and overrunningcoupling means for operation of said generator from said auxiliaryengine independently of said main engine to supply electric energy tothe electric system, said generator being arranged to assist the storagebattery in supplying electric energy to said starter motor while i saidgenerator is beingoperated by said auxillary engine and while, at thesame time, said starter-motor is being operated to start said mainengine.

11. The combination as set forth in claim 9. including a groupconsisting of a cooling medium pump, an oil pump and an electricgenerator, overrunning coupling means connected with the main engine andwith one or more of said group for normally operating some or all ofthem from the main engine, said auxiliary internal combustion enginebeing coupled in overrunning manner to at least one of said group andarranged to be operated so as to operate one or more of said group at aspeed greater than the corresponding main engine speed while said mainengine is running, and at certain speeds while said main engine is idle.

' 12. The combination with a cooling jacket equipped main internalcombustion engine having an electric starter motor, an electric storagebattery, a heat radiator and a group consisting of a cooling mediumpump. an oil pump and an electric generator, of a cooling jacketequipped auxiliary internal combustion, engine, said engines beingarranged to be operated independently or simultaneously, said startermotor being arranged to be operated in its normal direction to startsaid main engine and in its reverse direction to start said auxiliaryengine, said starter motor being arranged to start either engine whilethe other engine is running or not running, overrunning coupling meansfor operation of one or more of said group from said main engineindependently of said auxiliary engine, and overrunning coupling meansfor operation of one or more of said group from said auxiliary engineindependently of said main engine, said cooling jackets. radiator andcooling medium pump being 75 in communication.

13. The combination with a cooling jacket equipped main internalcombustion engine having an electric starter motor, an electric storagebattery, a heat radiator and a group consisting of a cooling mediumpump, an oil pump and an electric generator, of a cooling jacketequipped auxiliary internal combustion engine, said engines beingarranged to be operated independently or simultaneously, said startermotor being arranged to be operated in its normal direction to startsaid main engine and in its reverse direction to start said auxiliaryengine, said starter motor being arranged to starteither engine whilethe other engine is running or not running, overrunning coupling meansfor operation of one or more of said group from said main engineindependently of said auxiliary engine, and overrunning coupling meansfor operation of one or more of said group from said auxiliary engineindependently of said main engine, said coolingvjackets, radiator andcooling medium pump being in communication, said generator beingarranged to assist the storage battery in supplying electric energy tosaid starter motor while saidgenerator is being operated by saidauxiliary engine and while, at the same time, .said starter motor isbeing loperated to start said main engine.

14. The combination as set forth in claim 12 including cooling mediumpassage means for passing the cooling medium in heat exchange relationto some part of the lubricating system for heating the lubricant.

15. The combination as set forth in claim 12, including cooling mediumpassage means for passing the cooling medium in heat exchange relationto some part of the fuel system for heating the fuel.

16. The combination as set forth in claim 12, said generator beingarranged to assist the storage battery in supplying electric energy tosaid starter motor while said generator is being operated by saidauxiliary engine and while, at the same time, said starter motor isbeing operated to start said main engine, and cooling medium passagemeans for passing the cooling medium in heat exchange relation to somepart of the lubricating system for heating the lubricant.

17. The combination as set forth in claim 12,

Y said generator being arranged to assist the storage battery insupplying electric energy to said starter motor while said generator isbeing operated by said auxiliary engine and while, at the same time,said starter motor is being operated to start said main engine, andcooling medium passage means for passing the cooling medium in heatexchange relation to some part of the fuel system for heating the fuel.

18. The combination as set forth in claim 12, said generator beingarranged to assist the storage battery in supplying electric energy tosaid starter motor while said generator is being operated by saidauxiliary engine and while, at the same time, said starter motor isbeing operated to start said main engine, and cooling medium passagemeans for passing the cooling medium in heat exchange relation to somepart of the lubricating system for heating the lubricant, and coolingmedium passage means for passing the cooling medium in heat exchangerelation to some part of the fuel system for heating the fuel.

19. The combination as set forth in claim 12, including passage mea'nsi'or passing the exhaust gas of said auxiliary engine in heat exchangerelation to the cooling medium, said cooling me dium pump being operableto circulate said coolbattery, a heat radiator and a group consisting ofa cooling medium pump, an oil pump and an electric generator, oi acooling jacket equipped auxiliary internal combustion engine, saidengines being arranged to be operated independently or simultaneously,said starter motor being 'arranged to be operated in its normaldirection 'to start said main engine and in its reverse direction tostart said auxiliary engine, said starter motor being arranged to starteither engine while the other engine is running or not running,overrunning coupling means for operation of one` or more of said groupfrom said main engine independently of said auxiliary engine, and over.

run-.ning coupling means for operation of one or more of said group fromsaid auxiliary engine independently of said main engine, said coolingjackets. radiator and cooling medium pump being in communication, andcooling medium passage -meansifor passing the cooling medium in heatexchange relation to some part of the lubrieating system for heating thelubricant, and further including passage means for passing the exhaustgas from said auxiliary engine in 'heat exchange relation ,to thecooling medium, said cooling medium pump being operable to circulatesaid cooling medium through the cooling jacket of said main engine towarm the latter.

22." The combination with a cooling jacket equipped main internalcombustion engine having an electric starter motor, an electric storagebattery, a heat radiator and a group consisting of a cooling mediumpump, an oil pump and an electric generator, of a cooling jacketequipped auxiliary internal combustion engine, said engines beingarranged to be operated independently or simultaneously, said startermotor being arranged to be operated in its normal direction to startsaid main engine and in its reverse direction to start said` auxiliaryengine, said starter motor being arranged to start either engine whilethe other engine is running or not running, overrunning coupling meansfor operation of one or more of said group from said main engineindependently of said auxiliary engine, and overrunning coupling meansfor operation of one or more of said group from said auxiliary engineindependently of said main engine, said cooling jackets, radiator andcooling medium pump being in communication and cooling medium passagemeans for passing the cooling medium in heat 'exchange relation to somepart of the fuel system for heating the fuel, and further includingpassage means for passing the exhaust gas of said auxiliary engine inheat exchange relation to the cooling medium, said cooling medium pumpbeing operable to circulate said cooling medium through the water jacketyand said main engine to warm the latter.

23. 'I'he combination with a cooling jacket equipped main internalcombustion engine havdng an electric' starter motor, an electric storagebattery, a heat radiator and a group consisting ao'zaois of a coolingmedium pump, an oil pump and an electric generator, of a cooling jacketequipped auxiliary internal combustion engine, said engines beingarranged to be operated independently or simultaneously, said startermotor being arranged to be operated. in its normal direction to startsaid main engine and in its reverse direction to start said auxiliaryengine, said starter motor being arranged to start either engine whilethe other engine is running or not running, overrunning coupling meansfor operation of one` or more of said group from said main engineindependently of said auxiliary engine, and overrunning coupling meansfor operation of one or more of said group from said auxiliary engineindependently of said main engine, said cooling jackets, radiator andcooling medium pump being in communication, said generator beingarranged to assist the storage battery` in supplying electric energy tosaid starter motor while said generator is being operated by saidauxiliary engine and while, at the same time, said starter motor isbeing operated to start said main engine, and cooling medium passagemeans for passing the cooling medium in heat exchange relation to somepart of the lubricating system for heating the lubricant, and furt'herinlcluding passage means for passing the exhaust gas of said auxiliaryengine in heat exchange relation to the cooling medium, said coolingmedium pump being operable to circulate said cooling medium through thecooling jacket of said main engine to warm the latter.

24. 'I'he combination with a cooling jacket equipped main internalcombustion engine having an electric starter motor, an electric storagebattery, a heat radiator and a group consisting of a cooling mediumpump, an oil pump and an electric generator, of a cooling jacketequipped auxiliary internal combustion engine, said engines beingarranged to be operated independently or simultaneously, said startermotor being arranged to be operated in its normal direction to st'artsaid main engine and in its reverse direction to start said auxiliaryengine, said starter. motor being arranged to start either engine whilethe other engine is running or not running, overrunning coupling meansfor operation of one or more of said group from said main engineindependently of said auxiliary engine, and overrunning'coupling meansfor operation of one or more'of said group from said auxiliary engineindependently of said main engine, said cooling jackets, radiator andcooling medium pump being in communication, said generator beingarranged to assist the storage battery in supplying electric energy tosaid starter motor while said generator is being operated by saidauxiliary engine and while, at the same time, said starter motor isbeing operated to start said main engine, and cooling medium passagemeans for passing the cooling medium in heat exchange relation to somepart vof the fuel system for heating the fuel, and further includingpassage means for passing `the exhaust gas of said auxiliary engine inheat exchange relation to the cooling medium, said cooling medium pumpbeing operable to circulate said cooling medium through the coolingjacket of said main engine to Warm the latter.

25. The combination with a cooling jacket equipped main internalcombustion engine having an electric starter motor, an electric Astoragebattery, a heat radiator and a group consisting of a cooling mediumpump, an oil pump and an electric generator,

of a cooling jacket equipped auxiliary internal combustion engine, saidengines being arranged to be operated independently or simultaneously,said starter motor being arranged to be operated in its normal directionto start said main engine and in its reverse direction to start saidauxiliary engine, said starter motor being arranged to start eitherengine while the other engine is running or not running, overrunningcoupling means for operation of one or more of said group from said mainengine independently of said auxiliary engine, and overrunning couplingmeans for operation of one or more of said group from said auxiliaryengine independently of said main engine, said cooling jackets, radiatorand cooling medium pump being in communication, said generator beingarranged to ass/istthe storage nbattery in supplying electric energy tosaid starter motor while said generator is being operated by saidauxiliary engine and while, at the same time, said starter motor isbeing operated to start said main engine, and cooling medium passagemeans for passing the cooling medium in heat exchange relation to somepart of the lubricating system for heating the lubricant, and coolingmedium passage means for passing the cooling medium in heat exchangerelation to some part of the fuel system for heating the fuel, andfurther including passage means for passing the exhaust gas of saidauxiliary engine in heat exchange relation to the cooling medium, saidcooling medium pump being operable to circulate said cooling mediumthrough the cooling jacket of said main engine to Warm the latter.

26. In combination, an internal combustion engine, a reversible electricstarter, an oil pump, overrunning coupling means operatively connectingsaid starter to said engine when said starter is operated in its normaldirection, and overrunning coupling means operatively connecting Y l*said starter to said oil pump when said starter is operated in itsreverse direction.

VICTOR E. PLANTE.

